基于ICT技术的中医向其他自然科学学科知识迁移的研究

探讨中医现代化研究中中医学科向其他自然科学学科知识迁移的问题。通过对学科知识的成分进行分析,提出建立知识模型之间的迁移路径是知识迁移的有效方法。提出中医学科知识到数学和物理学科的迁移过程应该以现代的ICT技术为基础,由文句解析、文字形式化处理、数值图像建模、状态抽象化、导入物理元素、导入环境因素这六个阶段构成。还提出了中医知识迁移的过程中应该利用异步通讯的方法进行反馈。     

The technological imperative in tuberculosis care and prevention in Vietnam

ABSTRACT

A monocausal bacteriological understanding of infectious disease orients tuberculosis control efforts towards antimicrobial interventions. A bias towards technological solutions can leave multistranded public health and social interventions largely neglected. In the context of globalising biomedical approaches to infectious disease control, this ethnography-inspired review article reflects upon the implementation of rapid diagnostic technology in low- and middle-income countries. Fieldwork observations in Vietnam provided a stimulus for a critical review of the global rollout of tuberculosis diagnostic technology. To address local needs in tuberculosis control, health managers in resource-poor settings are readily cooperating with international donors to deploy novel diagnostic technologies throughout national tuberculosis programme facilities. Increasing investment in new diagnostic technologies is predicated on the supposition that these interventions will ameliorate disease outcomes. However, suboptimal treatment control persists even when accurate diagnostic technologies are available, suggesting that promotion of singular technological solutions can distract from addressing systemic change, without which disease susceptibility, propagation of infection, detection gaps, diagnostic delays, and treatment shortfalls persist.     

Python爬虫技术在信息流行病学中的应用

Python网络爬虫技术是一种通过模拟用户的网络浏览行为以实现从网络中自动、大量提取信息的技术，是信息流行病学研究收集并整合多源异构信息数据的关键基础。Python网络爬虫可分为简单爬虫与大型爬虫，集数据采集与数据库构建于一体，语法简洁、灵活性高、学习成本低、维护成本低。它适用于信息流行病学的各种应用场景，通过对互联网中健康相关信息的分析，实现多种公共卫生监测、健康干预实施及效果评价、智慧寻医方略优化等目标。近年，我国政府开始鼓励对含互联网信息在内的多源大数据的整合利用，在此背景下，Python爬虫技术的应用场景势必会越来越多，相应的人才培养、技术革新建议纳入到公共卫生教育和科研体系之中。     

Health technology assessment with risk aversion in health

Standard cost-effectiveness models compare incremental cost increases to incremental average gains in health, commonly expressed in Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Our research generalizes earlier models in several ways. We introduce risk aversion in Quality of Life (QoL), which leads to “willingness-to-pay” thresholds that rise with illness severity, potentially by an order of magnitude. Unlike traditional CEA analyses, which discriminate against persons with disabilities, our analysis implies that the marginal value of improving QoL rises for disabled individuals. Our model can also value the uncertain benefits of medical interventions by employing well-established analytic methods from finance. Finally, we show that traditional QALYs no longer serve as a single index of health, when consumers are risk-averse. To address this problem, we derive a generalized single-index of health outcomes—the Generalized Risk-Adjusted QALY (GRA-QALY). Earlier models of CEA that abstract from risk-aversion nest as special cases of our more general model.     

MRI螺旋桨技术在肩袖损伤中的应用

目的观察在高场磁共振螺旋桨(PROPELLER)技术下联合标准"Y"位在临床上对于肩袖损伤的应用效果。方法2018年12月-2019年5月,选择40例具有肩袖损伤相关症状的患者,均采用两种方法进行MRI检查,方法一,采用常规扫描序列:即FSE T2WI,斜冠状面FSE T2WI和斜矢状面FSE T2WI;方法二采用PROPELLER(螺旋桨)技术序列联合标准"Y"位扫描。评价两组患者的肩袖损伤分级程度和肩胛损伤脂肪浸润程度评分比较情况。结果两种方法在肩袖损伤Ⅱ级(χ^2=4.943,P=0.026)、Ⅲ级(χ^2=7.168,P=0.007)比较中,具有显著性差异。两种方法在脂肪浸润程度评分Ⅱ级(t=-4.673,P=0.041)、Ⅲ级(t=-4.442,P=0.046)比较中,也具有显著性差异(P<0.05)结论PROPELLER技术联合标准"Y"位在降低伪影,充分展示肩袖结构等方面更占有优势。     

建设世界一流科技期刊的策略——基于Nature、Science、The Lancet和Cell的分析

【目的】 探索建设世界一流科技期刊的策略,以助力中国科技期刊冲刺世界一流水平。【方法】 通过研读相关政策和研究文献,结合对Nature、Science、The Lancet、Cell等不同类型的世界一流科技期刊的分析,解析世界一流科技期刊的概念及内涵,探讨建设世界一流科技期刊的充分条件和必要条件,提出建设世界一流科技期刊的建议。【结果】 卓越的办刊理念、全方位的国际化水平、世界一流的人才队伍、先进的经营管理水平以及汇聚一流前沿成果、卓著的科学声望是建设世界一流科技期刊的必要条件。“高、精、尖”和“稳、准、狠”的办刊策略,是建设世界一流科技期刊的充分条件。建设世界一流科技期刊要理性且准确地认知其内涵,始终坚持卓越的办刊理念、国际化战略、人才战略、质量战略和集群化战略。【结论】 中国科技期刊既要扎根祖国大地,又要学习世界一流期刊的成功经验,从办刊的硬实力和软实力方面吸收借鉴,才能探索出具有中国特色的世界一流科技期刊建设路径。     

The Green revolution and infant mortality in India

We use a difference in differences approach to show that the adoption of High Yielding Varieties (HYV) reduced infant mortality in India. This holds even comparing children of the same mother. The effects of HVY adoption on mortality are larger for rural children, boys, and low-caste children. While we are not able to explore mechanisms in depth, our evidence points to a limited role played by increased investments in early childhood health or selection into childbearing in response to HYV adoption.